MCQs on Religious Movements – Jainism, Buddhism, Ajivikas & Charvaka

✅ **Correct Answer:** A) Rishabhadeva 🔹 **Rishabhadeva** is considered the first Tirthankara and founder of Jainism.

✅ **Correct Answer:** B) Right Knowledge 🔹 The Eightfold Path includes **Right Speech, Right View, Right Effort**, but **Right Knowledge** is not part of it.

✅ **Correct Answer:** C) Charvaka 🔹 **Charvaka** advocated materialism and denied the existence of an afterlife or gods.

✅ **Correct Answer:** A) Makkhali Gosala 🔹 **Makkhali Gosala** was the founder of the **Ajivika** sect.

✅ **Correct Answer:** D) All of the above

✅ **Correct Answer:** B) Parshvanatha 🔹 **Parshvanatha**, the 23rd Tirthankara, introduced the concept of Ahimsa (non-violence).

✅ **Correct Answer:** A) First Council at Rajagriha 🔹 The **First Buddhist Council** at **Rajagriha** (483 BCE) compiled the teachings of Buddha (Vinaya and Sutta Pitaka).

✅ **Correct Answer:** A) Alvars and Nayanars 🔹 The **Alvars** were devotees of **Vishnu** and the **Nayanars** were devotees of **Shiva** during the Bhakti Movement in South India.

✅ **Correct Answer:** D) All of the above 🔹 The decline of Buddhism was caused by **foreign invasions**, **rise of the Bhakti movement**, and a **shift in royal patronage** towards Hinduism.

✅ **Correct Answer:** B) Angas 🔹 The **Angas** are the canonical texts of Jainism that contain the teachings of **Mahavira**.

✅ **Correct Answer:** B) Ashoka 🔹 **Ashoka**, after the **Kalinga War**, embraced Buddhism and became its greatest patron, spreading it across Asia.

✅ **Correct Answer:** B) Jainism 🔹 **Syadvada** (the theory of conditioned predication) is a core principle of **Jainism**.

✅ **Correct Answer:** A) Nagasena 🔹 **Nagasena** composed the **Milinda Panha**, a dialogue between **King Menander** and **Nagasena** on Buddhist teachings.

✅ **Correct Answer:** B) Kanishka 🔹 The **Fourth Buddhist Council** was held in **Kashmir** under the patronage of **Kanishka** of the **Kushan Dynasty**.

✅ **Correct Answer:** A) Tulsidas 🔹 **Tulsidas** composed the **Ramcharitmanas**, a Hindi retelling of the **Ramayana**.

✅ **Correct Answer:** B) Pali 🔹 The **Tripitaka** (Vinaya, Sutta, Abhidhamma) was written in **Pali**, which was the language of the common people at the time.

✅ **Correct Answer:** A) Kabir 🔹 **Kabir** emphasized the concept of **Nirguna Bhakti** (devotion to a formless God) and rejected idol worship.

✅ **Correct Answer:** D) Mahavira 🔹 **Mahavira** is considered the 24th and last Tirthankara of **Jainism**.

✅ **Correct Answer:** B) The pursuit of material pleasure 🔹 The **Charvaka school** advocated materialism, denying the existence of an afterlife and spiritual concepts.

✅ **Correct Answer:** C) Ashoka 🔹 After witnessing the destruction of the **Kalinga War**, **Ashoka** converted to Buddhism and promoted peace and non-violence.

✅ **Correct Answer:** B) Pali 🔹 The **Tripitaka** (Vinaya, Sutta, Abhidhamma) was written in **Pali**, which was the language of the common people at the time.

✅ **Correct Answer:** A) Kabir 🔹 **Kabir** emphasized the concept of **Nirguna Bhakti** (devotion to a formless God) and rejected idol worship.

✅ **Correct Answer:** D) Mahavira 🔹 **Mahavira** is considered the 24th and last Tirthankara of **Jainism**.

✅ **Correct Answer:** B) The pursuit of material pleasure 🔹 The **Charvaka school** advocated materialism, denying the existence of an afterlife and spiritual concepts.

✅ **Correct Answer:** C) Ashoka 🔹 After witnessing the destruction of the **Kalinga War**, **Ashoka** converted to Buddhism and promoted peace and non-violence.